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HuggingFace Paper

OPV: Outcome-based Process Verifier for Efficient Long Chain-of-Thought Verification

Zijian Wu, Lingkai Kong, Wenwei Zhang +12December 11, 2025

Summary

OPV (Outcome-based Process Verifier) is a verifier model that inspects the rationale steps of long chains-of-thought via summarized outcomes, combining the strengths of outcome-based and process-based verification. Trained with an active learning loop, rejection fine-tuning, and RLVR, OPV reaches strong F1 on OPV-Bench and outperforms much larger models like Qwen3-Max-Preview at detecting reasoning errors.

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